If we’re talking human infectious diseases, then I think one of the worse diseases that doesn’t actually kill you itself is HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). HIV infects cells vital to the immune system, and gradually destroys them…leading to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). As the immune system weakens, the body becomes more prone to getting, and not being able to deal with, other infections – and it is these secondary infections that do the killing.
For a disease that doesn’t affect humans, then I think a good case could be made for myxomatosis, a viral disease in rabbits spread by biting insects such as fleas and mosquitoes. It causes severe disease, and kills in just a couple of weeks if the rabbit has not been vaccinated.
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